Decoding USB 2.0: Performance Benefits, Wire Varieties, and Plug-Ins

USB 2.0 is aUniversal Serial Bus (USB) standard. Almost all devices with USB capabilities, and nearly all USB cables, support_at least_ USB 2.0 (often called_Hi-Speed USB_ ).

Devices that adhere to this USB standard have the ability to transmit data at a maximum speed of 480 Mbps. This is faster than the olderUSB 1.1 standard and much slower than the newerUSB4 standard.

USB 1.1 was released in August 1998, USB 2.0 in April 2000, USB 3.0 in November 2008, and USB4 in August 2019.

Lifewire / Derek Abella

USB 2.0 Connectors

Plug is the name given to the_male_ connector on a USB 2.0 cable orflash drive , while the_receptacle_ is the name given to the_female_ connector on a USB 2.0 device or extension cable.

• USB Type A : These connectors are technically called USB 2.0 Standard-A and are the perfectly rectangular USB connectors you’ll find on most non-mobile devices. USB 2.0 Type A connectors are physically compatible with those from USB 3.0 and USB 1.1.

• USB Type B : These connectors are technically called USB 2.0 Standard-B and are square except for a small notch on top. USB 2.0 Type B plugs are physically compatible with USB 3.0 and USB 1.1 Type B receptacles, but USB 3.0 Type B plugs aren’t backward compatible with USB 2.0 Type B receptacles.

• USB Micro-A : These connectors, especially the plugs, look like miniature versions of USB 2.0 Type A connectors. USB 2.0 Micro-A plugs are compatible with both USB 2.0 Micro-AB receptacles and USB 3.0 Micro-AB receptacles. However, newer USB 3.0 Micro-A plugs won’t fit in USB 2.0 Micro-AB receptacles.

• USB Micro-B : These connectors are small and rectangular, but two corners on one side are slanted instead of square. USB 2.0 Micro-B plugs are compatible with four receptacles: both USB 2.0 and USB 3.0 Micro-B and Micro-AB receptacles. Newer USB 3.0 Micro-B plugs aren’t backward compatible with either USB 2.0 Micro receptacle.

• USB Mini-A : These connectors are small and mostly rectangular with one very rounded side. USB 2.0 Mini-A plugs are only compatible with USB 2.0 Mini-AB receptacles.

• USB Mini-B : These connectors are small and mostly rectangular with noticeable indentations on the short sides. USB 2.0 Mini-B plugs are compatible with USB 2.0 Mini-B and USB 2.0 Mini-AB receptacles.

Only USB 2.0 supports USB Mini-A, USB Mini-B, and USB Mini-AB connectors.

You may want to consult aUSB Physical Compatibility Chart for a reference on what-fits-with-what.

Interconnected Device Speeds

Older USB 1.1 devices and cables are, for the most part, physically compatible with USB 2.0 hardware. However, the only way to reach USB 2.0 transmission speeds is if all devices and cables being connected to each other support USB 2.0.

If, for example, you have a USB 2.0 device used with a USB 1.0 cable, the 1.0 speed will be used regardless of the fact that the device supports USB 2.0 since that cable doesn’t support the newer, faster speeds.

USB 2.0 devices and cables used with USB 3.0 devices and cables, assuming they’re physically compatible, will operate at the lower USB 2.0 speed.

In other words, the transmission speed falls to the older of the two technologies. This makes sense, since you can’t pull USB 3.0 speeds out of a USB 2.0 cable, nor can you get USB 2.0 transmission speeds using a USB 1.1 cable.

USB On-the-Go (OTG)

USB On-the-Go was released in December 2006. It allows devices to switch between acting as a host and as a subordinate when necessary so that they can be connected to each other directly.

For example, a USB 2.0 smartphone ortablet might be able to pull data off of a flash drive as a host but then switch over to subordinate mode when connected to a computer so that information can be taken from it.

The device that supplies power (the host) is considered the OTG A-device, while the one that consumes power (the subordinate) is called the B-device. The subordinate acts as the peripheral device in this type of setup.

Switching roles is performed by using the Host Negotiation Protocol (HNP), but physically choosing which USB 2.0 device should be considered the subordinate or host by default is as easy as choosing which end of the cable the device is connected to.

Occasionally,HNP polling will take place by the host to determine if the subordinate is requesting to be the host, in which case they can swap places. USB 3.0 uses HNP polling as well, but it’s called Role Swap Protocol (RSP).

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